一步一脚印

为一个RAC搭建standby和单节点搭建方法基本一致，我们可以把RAC看成是一个单节点的数据库，只需要保证所有节点的日志能传送到备库即可。

五、备库环境准备

1、在备库添加指向主库的tnsnames

在备库的tnsnames.ora添加如下内容：

primary =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 200.200.200.11)(PORT = 1521))

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 200.200.200.22)(PORT = 1521))

(LOAD_BALANCE = yes)

(CONNECT_DATA =

(SERVER = DEDICATED)

(SERVICE_NAME = primary)

(FAILOVER_MODE =

(TYPE = SELECT)

(METHOD = BASIC)

(RETRIES = 180)

(DELAY = 5)

)

)

)2、在备库创建相关目录

包括adump,bdump,cdump,udump及数据文件目录等。

3、拷贝主库的密码文件到备库上

--拷贝rac1的密码文件到备库的$ORACLE_HOME/dbs下，并把该密码文件修改为orapwd<sid>。这里我的sid就用rac1，所以，不用改名。

[oracle@rac1 dbs]$ scp orapwrac1 172.25.0.35:`pwd`

orapwrac1 100% 1536 1.5KB/s 00:00

4、配置备库的监听

[oracle@standby admin]$ more listener.ora

SID_LIST_LISTENER =

(SID_LIST =

(SID_DESC =

(GLOBAL_DBNAME = standby)

(ORACLE_HOME = /opt/oracle/product/10.2/database)

(SID_NAME = rac1)

)

)

LISTENER =

(DESCRIPTION_LIST =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = standby)(PORT = 1521))

)

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC))

)

)

启动备库监听：lsnrctl start

5、设置备库参数文件

从主库rac1上根据spfile创建一个pfile文件，并传到备库上。

SQL> create pfile from spfile;

File created.

SQL> exit

Disconnected from Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.3.0 - Production

With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters and Data Mining options

[oracle@rac1 ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs

[oracle@rac1 dbs]$ scp initrac1.ora 172.25.0.35:`pwd`

initrac1.ora

在备库上修改参数文件：

Ø 删除所有非”*”打头的参数设置及rac相关参数

Ø 设置dataguard参数

修改后参数如下：

[oracle@standby dbs]$ more initrac1.ora

*.audit_file_dest='/opt/oracle/admin/rac/adump'

*.background_dump_dest='/opt/oracle/admin/rac/bdump'

*.compatible='10.2.0.3'

*.control_files='/soft/oradata/rac/control01.ctl','/soft/oradata/rac/control02.ctl','/soft/oradata/rac/control03.ctl'

*.core_dump_dest='/opt/oracle/admin/rac/cdump'

*.db_block_size=8192

*.db_domain=''

*.db_file_multiblock_read_count=16

*.db_file_name_convert='/DEV/RAW/','/SOFT/ORADATA/RAC/'

*.db_name='rac'

*.db_unique_name='STANDBY'

*.fal_client='STANDBY'

*.fal_server='PRIMARY'

*.job_queue_processes=10

*.log_archive_config='DG_CONFIG=(primary,standby)'

*.log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION= /soft/oradata/archivelog/ VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=standby'

*.log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=primary LGWR ASYNC VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=primary'

*.log_archive_dest_state_1='ENABLE'

*.log_archive_dest_state_2='ENABLE'

*.log_archive_format='%t_%s_%r.arc'

*.log_archive_max_processes=4

*.log_file_name_convert='/DEV/RAW/','/SOFT/ORADATA/RAC/'

*.open_cursors=300

*.pga_aggregate_target=16777216

*.processes=150

*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'

*.sga_max_size=157286400

*.sga_target=157286400

*.standby_file_management='AUTO'

*.undo_management='AUTO'

undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'

*.user_dump_dest='/opt/oracle/admin/rac/udump'

以上有些参数非必须设置的，但是为了switchover更方便，建议都修改上。

Undo表空间保留其中一个就可以。

路径转换相关参数要设置对，否则会报错。

6、把备库启动到nomount状态

[oracle@standby ~]$ sqlplus "/as sysdba"

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.3.0 - Production on Wed Apr 30 18:42:39 2008

Copyright (c) 1982, 2006, Oracle. All Rights Reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> startup nomount

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 159383552 bytes

Fixed Size 1260672 bytes

Variable Size 62915456 bytes

Database Buffers 92274688 bytes

Redo Buffers 2932736 bytes

7、从主库拷贝备份到备库上

之前备份的所有文件都拷贝到备库上，路径要和主库备份路径保持一致。如果不一致，linux下可以用ln的方式解决。

注意：两个节点都有归档的备份，要把这些备份都拷贝到备库上。

RAC1：

[oracle@rac1 backup]$ scp * 172.25.0.35:`pwd`

01jf4fqq_1_1 100% 23MB 3.8MB/s 00:06

03jf4fr9_1_1 100% 194KB 194.0KB/s 00:00

04jf4frg_1_1 100% 315MB 3.4MB/s 01:34

08jf4fv9_1_1 100% 13KB 13.0KB/s 00:00

09jf4fvf_1_1 100% 4608 4.5KB/s 00:00

CON_0ajf4gqi_1_1 100% 15MB 3.7MB/s 00:04

RAC2：

[oracle@rac2 backup]$ scp * 172.25.0.35:`pwd`

02jf4fql_1_1 100% 7145KB 3.5MB/s 00:02

05jf4frg_1_1 100% 175MB 3.4MB/s 00:52

06jf4ft0_1_1 100% 15MB 1.5MB/s 00:10

07jf4ftm_1_1 100% 96KB 96.0KB/s 00:00

、恢复备库

1、在主库添加指向备库的tnsname

在主库的tnsnames.ora添加如下内容：

STANDBY =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST =200.200.200.123)(PORT = 1521))

(CONNECT_DATA =

(SERVER = DEDICATED)

(SERVICE_NAME = standby)

)

2、在主库执行，利用auxiliary来恢复备库

[oracle@rac1 ~]$ $ORACLE_HOME/bin/rman target / auxiliary sys/6212327@standby

Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.3.0 - Production on Wed Apr 30 19:37:05 2008

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.

connected to target database: RAC (DBID=2232067446)

connected to auxiliary database: RAC (not mounted)

RMAN> run

{

allocate channel c1 device type disk format '/soft/backup/%U' connect sys/6212327@rac1;

2> 3> 4> allocate channel c2 device type disk format '/soft/backup/%U' connect sys/6212327@rac2;

5> allocate auxiliary channel ac1 device type disk format '/soft/backup/%U';

6> allocate auxiliary channel ac2 device type disk format '/soft/backup/%U';

7> duplicate target database for standby;

8> }

using target database control file instead of recovery catalog

allocated channel: c1

channel c1: sid=132 instance=rac1 devtype=DISK

allocated channel: c2

channel c2: sid=134 instance=rac2 devtype=DISK

allocated channel: ac1

channel ac1: sid=155 devtype=DISK

allocated channel: ac2

channel ac2: sid=154 devtype=DISK

Starting Duplicate Db at 30-APR-08

contents of Memory Script:

{

restore clone standby controlfile;

sql clone 'alter database mount standby database';

}

executing Memory Script

Starting restore at 30-APR-08

channel ac1: starting datafile backupset restore

channel ac1: restoring control file

channel ac1: reading from backup piece /soft/backup/CON_0ajf4gqi_1_1

channel ac1: restored backup piece 1

piece handle=/soft/backup/CON_0ajf4gqi_1_1 tag=TAG20080430T150554

channel ac1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:04

output filename=/soft/oradata/rac/control01.ctl

output filename=/soft/oradata/rac/control02.ctl

output filename=/soft/oradata/rac/control03.ctl

Finished restore at 30-APR-08

sql statement: alter database mount standby database

contents of Memory Script:

{

set newname for tempfile 1 to

"/soft/oradata/rac/raw6";

switch clone tempfile all;

set newname for datafile 1 to

"/soft/oradata/rac/raw1";

set newname for datafile 2 to

"/soft/oradata/rac/raw3";

set newname for datafile 3 to

"/soft/oradata/rac/raw2";

set newname for datafile 4 to

"/soft/oradata/rac/raw5";

set newname for datafile 5 to

"/soft/oradata/rac/raw7";

restore

check readonly

clone database

;

}

executing Memory Script

executing command: SET NEWNAME

renamed temporary file 1 to /soft/oradata/rac/raw6 in control file

executing command: SET NEWNAME

executing command: SET NEWNAME

executing command: SET NEWNAME

executing command: SET NEWNAME

executing command: SET NEWNAME

Starting restore at 30-APR-08

channel ac1: starting datafile backupset restore

channel ac1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set

restoring datafile 00002 to /soft/oradata/rac/raw3

restoring datafile 00004 to /soft/oradata/rac/raw5

channel ac1: reading from backup piece /soft/backup/05jf4frg_1_1

channel ac2: starting datafile backupset restore

channel ac2: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set

restoring datafile 00001 to /soft/oradata/rac/raw1

restoring datafile 00003 to /soft/oradata/rac/raw2

restoring datafile 00005 to /soft/oradata/rac/raw7

channel ac2: reading from backup piece /soft/backup/04jf4frg_1_1

channel ac1: restored backup piece 1

piece handle=/soft/backup/05jf4frg_1_1 tag=TAG20080430T144919

channel ac1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:01:22

channel ac2: restored backup piece 1

piece handle=/soft/backup/04jf4frg_1_1 tag=TAG20080430T144919

channel ac2: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:01:32

Finished restore at 30-APR-08

contents of Memory Script:

{

switch clone datafile all;

}

executing Memory Script

datafile 1 switched to datafile copy

input datafile copy recid=6 stamp=653426781 filename=/soft/oradata/rac/raw1

datafile 2 switched to datafile copy

input datafile copy recid=7 stamp=653426781 filename=/soft/oradata/rac/raw3

datafile 3 switched to datafile copy

input datafile copy recid=8 stamp=653426781 filename=/soft/oradata/rac/raw2

datafile 4 switched to datafile copy

input datafile copy recid=9 stamp=653426781 filename=/soft/oradata/rac/raw5

datafile 5 switched to datafile copy

input datafile copy recid=10 stamp=653426781 filename=/soft/oradata/rac/raw7

Finished Duplicate Db at 30-APR-08

released channel: c1

released channel: c2

released channel: ac1

released channel: ac2

从日志可以看到，oracle先根据参数文件把控制文件恢复到合适位置，然后再根据db_file_name_cover把数据文件恢复到合适位置。

七、后续工作

1、把备库至于恢复状态：

[oracle@standby admin]$ sqlplus "/as sysdba"

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.3.0 - Production on Wed Apr 30 19:40:59 2008

Copyright (c) 1982, 2006, Oracle. All Rights Reserved.

Connected to:

Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.3.0 - Production

With the Partitioning, Oracle Label Security and Data Mining options

SQL> alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;

Database altered

此时观察备库的alert文件，可以发现有很多类似的信息：

Errors in file /opt/oracle/admin/rac/bdump/rac1_mrp0_10825.trc:

ORA-00313: open failed for members of log group 4 of thread 2

ORA-00312: online log 4 thread 2: '/soft/oradata/rac/raw11'

ORA-27037: unable to obtain file status

Linux Error: 2: No such file or directory

Additional information: 3

Clearing online redo logfile 4 /soft/oradata/rac/raw11

Clearing online log 4 of thread 2 sequence number 50

这是正常的，在第一次置于recover状态的时候，备库会生成对应的online redo log。

2、在备库添加standby redo log

Standby redo log比archivelog方式有更大的优势，且在最大保护、最大可用、实时恢复的情况下必须有standby redo log。

Standby redo log的组数一般为(N +1)* thread# （N分别为每个thread#的联机日志组数）。在本例，每一个thread的联机日志都是2组，所以，需要添加6组standby redo log：

SQL> alter database recover managed standby database cancel;

Database altered.

SQL> ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE THREAD 1 ('/soft/oradata/rac/slog4.ora') SIZE 52428800;

Database altered.

SQL> ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE THREAD 1 ('/soft/oradata/rac/slog5.ora') SIZE 52428800;

Database altered.

SQL> ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE THREAD 1 ('/soft/oradata/rac/slog6.ora') SIZE 52428800;

Database altered.

SQL> ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE THREAD 2 ('/soft/oradata/rac/slog7.ora') SIZE 52428800;

Database altered.

SQL> ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE THREAD 2 ('/soft/oradata/rac/slog8.ora') SIZE 52428800;

Database altered.

SQL> ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE THREAD 2 ('/soft/oradata/rac/slog9.ora') SIZE 52428800;

Database altered.

注意：standby redo log的大小必须和联机日志一样。

七、遇到的问题

1、FAL[client, MRP0]: Error 12545 connecting to PRIMARY for fetching gap sequence

Wed Apr 30 20:21:23 2008

Errors in file /opt/oracle/admin/rac/bdump/rac1_mrp0_10965.trc:

ORA-12545: Connect failed because target host or object does not exist

Wed Apr 30 20:22:23 2008

FAL[client]: Failed to request gap sequence

GAP - thread 1 sequence 88-88

DBID 2232067446 branch 644085430

FAL[client]: All defined FAL servers have been attempted.

这个问题和gap有关， 备库尝试拿gap的时候，发现不能连接主库。这个问题是RAC的监听造成的，参考yangtingkun的解决方法，修改两个参数即可：

ALTER SYSTEM SET LOCAL_LISTENER = '(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 200.200.200.11)(PORT = 1521))' SID = 'rac1';

ALTER SYSTEM SET LOCAL_LISTENER = '(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 200.200.200.22)(PORT = 1521))' SID = 'rac2';

2、Wed Apr 30 20:28:51 2008

FAL[client]: Failed to request gap sequence

GAP - thread 1 sequence 88-88

DBID 2232067446 branch 644085430

FAL[client]: All defined FAL servers have been attempted.

-------------------------------------------------------------

Check that the CONTROL_FILE_RECORD_KEEP_TIME initialization

parameter is defined to a value that is sufficiently large

enough to maintain adequate log switch information to resolve